Microplastics Crisis: Health Risks and How to Reduce Exposure

Microplastics exposure elimination protocol

Are Microplastics Impeding Your Progress?

Microplastics and prosperity are seldom used in the same sentence and, at first glance, appear to be entirely unrelated. As this article will soon illustrate, such is not the case. Microplastics are in fact killing us slowly and impeding our progress. These tiny plastic particles are everywhere. The food we eat, the water we drink, and the air we breathe, have all been contaminated with microplastics. It is estimated that an average person unknowingly consumes the equivalent of a credit card’s worth of plastic every week. This overexposure, as research has shown, takes a significant toll on human health in a myriad of ways.

What Are Microplastics?

Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic or polymer-based materials. They range in size from 5 millimeters (about the size of a grain of rice) down to 100 nanometers (1,000 times smaller than a grain of sand). The smallest microplastics are called nanoplastics. While some microplastics are intentionally added to products like cosmetics, the majority (roughly 70%) come from the breakdown of larger plastic items through a process called oxidation.

Types of Microplastics Harmful to Humans

While all microplastics pose potential risks, certain types are particularly concerning due to their associated chemicals and their ability to penetrate biological barriers:

Nanoplastics: These tiny particles can cross the blood-brain barrier and the placental barrier, potentially affecting brain development and exposing the fetus to harmful substances.

Microplastics Carrying Endocrine Disruptors (EDCs): BPA, BPS, phthalates, and PFAS (“forever chemicals”) are commonly found in plastics and can leach out, disrupting hormonal systems and contributing to various health problems.

Health Impacts of Microplastics Exposure and Bioaccumulation

Microplastics and the chemicals they carry, can accumulate in our organs and tissues over time, leading to bioaccumulation. Studies have found microplastics in lung tissue, the liver, the bloodstream, and even the brain. Microplastics often carry endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) like BPA, BPS, and phthalates. EDCs mimic the body’s natural hormones (e.g. BPA mimics estrogen), interfering with hormonal signaling and potentially affecting metabolism, reproduction, and brain function. They may also contribute to inflammation and oxidative stress, which are linked to various chronic diseases. Studies also suggest microplastics may play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease, neurodevelopmental disorders, and even some types of cancer.

Reproductive Health Impacts:

Studies have linked microplastic and EDC exposure to several reproductive health issues, including:

Lower sperm count and quality in men.
Irregular menstrual cycles and endometriosis in women.
Early onset of puberty in girls.
Potential impacts on fetal development.

Neurodevelopmental Impacts:

BPA exposure, particularly during pregnancy, has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders like ADHD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The mechanisms of action may involve disruptions in neurotransmitter systems like dopamine and serotonin, oxidative stress in the brain, and impaired BPA metabolism in children with ASD. Additional neurodevelopmental impacts of microplastics include:

Neuroinflammation.
Cognitive decline.
A possible link to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.

Cardiovascular Disease Impacts:

Evidence suggests a link between microplastics, EDCs, and cardiovascular disease, including:

Disruption of heart cell function by BPA.
Hypertension caused by BPA exposure.
Microplastics embedded in arterial walls, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke.
Increased cardiovascular mortality, particularly in women with high BPA levels.

Incresed Cancer Risk:

While more research is needed, there are concerns about the potential link between microplastics, EDCs, and cancer. Studies have shown:

An association between phthalate exposure in childhood and an increased risk of childhood cancers.
A potential link between phthalates and breast cancer risk.
The ability of BPA to promote the growth of estrogen-sensitive breast cancer cells in laboratory settings.
The presence of microplastics in human tumor samples.

Other Impacts:

Evidence suggests a link between microplastics, EDCs, and various other diseases including:

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD): Microplastics accumulate in the digestive tract and have been linked to IBD.
Liver Disease: Microplastic accumulation in the liver may contribute to liver disease progression.
Respiratory Issues: Microplastics in the lungs can cause inflammation and oxidative stress, potentially contributing to respiratory problems like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Overall, the long-term health impacts of microplastic exposure are a growing concern due to the potential for bioaccumulation, hormonal disruption, reproductive health issues, neurodevelopmental problems, neurological impacts, cardiovascular disease, and cancer risk. However, there are other indirect impacts of exposure to microplastics that can be eqaully disruptive and debilitating if left unchecked.

Hidden Impact of Microplastic Exposure on Testosterone

Microplastics and the chemicals they carry are known to interfere with the body’s endocrine (hormonal) system. As such they mimic natural hormones and interfere with hormone signaling in our bodies which regulates everything from our metabolism to our sex drive. For example, microplastics have been shown to lower testosterone and, as a result, can be linked to a myriad of adverse symptoms including:

Decreased muscle mass and strength: A noticeable loss of muscle size and strength can occur.
Increased body fat: Often an increase in fat, particularly around the abdomen.
Fatigue: Persistent tiredness or a lack of energy is common.
Reduced bone density: This can increase the risk of fractures.
Decreased sex drive (libido): A significant drop in sexual desire is one of the hallmark symptoms.
Erectile dysfunction: Difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection.
Smaller testicle size: In some cases, a noticeable reduction in the size of the testicles may occur.
Reduced body and facial hair: A decrease in hair growth, such as on the chest or face.
Hot flashes: Similar to those experienced during menopause.
Depression or mood changes: Low mood, irritability, or depression can develop.
Reduced sense of well-being: Some men may feel a general dissatisfaction or feel less “manly.”
Difficulty concentrating: Brain fog or difficulty focusing may occur.
Memory problems: Trouble with memory or mental sharpness.
Decreased endurance: This can affect physical performance, including in sports or exercise.
Anemia: Lower testosterone can lead to lower red blood cell production, contributing to fatigue.

Main Sources of Exposure to Microplastics

Microplastics enter the body primarily through oral ingestion and inhalation, with tap water, bottled water, packaged foods, and fresh produce being major sources of ingestion. The air we breathe, especially in urban environments, contains microplastics from tire wear, synthetic clothing fibers, and degraded plastic waste. Microplastics can be found in a wide array of food and beverages, including seafood, fruits, vegetables, salt, and even drinking water. They enter these products through contamination in water and soil during the growth or sourcing process, and also through contact with plastic containers, packaging, and preparation tools.

Oral Ingestion Sources:

Bottled Water: microplastics leach into the water from the plastic bottle.
Tap Water: microplastics leach into the water from the air or plastic piping.
Plastic Food Packaging: microplastics leach into the food from the plastic containers, especially when heated.
Other Food Packaging: many food packaging products like paper cups or tin cans are lined with plastics.
Fresh Produce: microplastics can contaminate fresh produce through the soil, water, and air.
Seafood: microplastics can contaminate seafood through the seawater, and air.
Sea Salt: microplastics can contaminate sea salt through the seawater, and air.
Utensils, cups, and baby bottles made from plastic.

Inhalation Sources:

Airborne microplastic particles, particularly in urban environments.
Synthetic textile fibers from clothing, carpets, and other household materials.
Tire wear.
Degraded plastic waste.

Dermal Absorption Sources:

Thermal paper receipts containing a BPA coating.
Personal care products that increase skin permeability and BPA absorption.

Minimizing Microplastics Exposure

Microplastics are pervasive in the environment, contaminating air, water, soil, and food, making exposure nearly unavoidable. While avoiding microplastics entirely may be impossible, you can take steps to minimize exposure:

Water:

Minimize the use of plastic water bottles and cans.
Choose glass bottles when possible.
Install a reverse osmosis water filtration system to remove microplastics and other contaminants from tap water.

Food:

Drink hot drinks like coffee from reusable stainless steel, glass, or ceramic cups.
Opt for fresh foods over packaged foods.
Reduce the consumption of canned foods and beverages.
Use glass, stainless steel, or ceramic food storage containers.
Avoid heating food in plastic containers.
Choose rock or mined salts over sea salt.
Wash fruits and vegetables with filtered water.

Air:

Use HEPA filters in your home to trap airborne microplastics.
Vacuum regularly with a HEPA filter vacuum cleaner.
Opt for clothing made from natural fibers like cotton, bamboo, or wool.
Install a microfiber filter on your washing machine or use a special laundry bag to catch microplastic fibers.

Other Sources:

Decline paper receipts or choose digital versions.
Wear nitrile gloves when handling thermal paper receipts frequently.
Be mindful of BPA-free products, as they may contain other harmful chemicals.
Avoid the use of personal care products containing EDC’s and look for products labeled as microplastic-free.

Expelling Microplastics and Associated Chemicals

Research is ongoing to determine how to effectively eliminate microplastics from the body. However, the following strategies have been shown to help:

Boost Detoxification:

Consume sulfurane-rich foods like broccoli sprouts which enhance detoxification processes.
Consider a high-quality sulfurane supplement.

Increase Fiber Intake:

A high-fiber diet may bind to harmful chemicals in the gut and promote their excretion through feces.
Fiber could help encapsulate larger microplastics, facilitating their removal through bowel movements.

Sweat:

Regular exercise, sauna use, hot tubs, or hot yoga can help excrete small amounts of BPA and phthalate metabolites through sweat.

It is worth noting that while these methods may help eliminate some chemicals associated with microplastics, they may be less effective for “forever chemicals” like PFAS. The best approach to minimizing PFAS exposure is to avoid products containing them.

Conclusion

Microplastics pollution and contamination is a growing concern with serious potential implications for human health. By understanding the sources of exposure and taking steps to minimize contact with these tiny particles, you can protect yourself from their harmful effects. Understanding how microplastics enter our bodies and the potential harm they cause, is the first step toward protecting ourselves. Making informed choices about the food we consume, the products we use, and the materials we surround ourselves with, can help reduce our exposure to microplastics and mitigate some of the serious health risks posed by this pervasive pollutant.

Microplastics FAQ:

Microplastics are tiny plastic particles, ranging in size from 5 millimeters (about the size of a grain of rice) down to 100 nanometers (smaller than the width of a human hair), that typically result from the breakdown of larger plastic items.

Microplastics are a health concern because they have been found to accumulate in various organs and tissues and often result in:

Organ Damage: Research suggests that microplastic accumulation may play a role in liver disease progression and impair lung function, among other potential impacts.

Bioaccumulation: Microplastics don’t easily degrade in the body, leading to their buildup in organs and tissues over time.

Toxicity: Some microplastics are inherently toxic, while others act as carriers for harmful chemicals like BPA, BPS, phthalates, and PFAS (“forever chemicals”). These chemicals can disrupt hormones, alter metabolism, and contribute to various health issues.

Inflammation: Microplastics can trigger inflammation in the body, potentially contributing to chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and even cancer.

Microplastics can enter our bodies through ingestion, inhalation, and even skin contact. The primary routes of microplastic exposure are:

Oral Ingestion: We consume microplastics through contaminated food and beverages. This can occur through:

Drinking water (both tap and bottled)
Packaged foods
Fresh produce contaminated by polluted soil and water
Seafood
Salt
Utensils, cups, baby bottles, and other plastic items that shed microplastics

Inhalation: We inhale microplastic particles suspended in the air, particularly in urban environments. Sources of airborne microplastics include:

Synthetic textiles (clothing, carpets, furniture)
Tire wear and degradation of synthetic shoe soles
Industrial emissions

Dermal Absorption: Microplastics can be absorbed through the skin, primarily from products containing microplastics or those that enhance skin permeability. Examples include:

Thermal paper receipts
Cosmetics and personal care products

Research suggests that microplastic exposure may contribute to a range of health issues, including:

Endocrine Disruption: BPA, BPS, and phthalates can disrupt hormones, affecting reproductive health, brain development, metabolism, and more.

Neurodevelopmental Issues: Studies link prenatal BPA exposure to an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, and other behavioral problems in children.
Reproductive Problems: Microplastics and associated chemicals have been linked to decreased sperm count, reduced motility, and altered sperm morphology in men, as well as irregular menstrual cycles and endometriosis in women.
Cardiovascular Disease: BPA exposure is linked to hypertension and increased risk of cardiovascular events. Microplastics have also been found embedded in arterial plaques, potentially contributing to atherosclerosis.
Cancer: While research is still emerging, there are concerns that microplastics and associated chemicals may contribute to an increased risk of certain cancers, including breast cancer, childhood cancers, and potentially others.
Liver Damage: Microplastic accumulation in the liver may contribute to liver disease progression.
Respiratory Issues: Microplastics in the lungs can cause inflammation and oxidative stress, potentially contributing to respiratory problems like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

While it’s impossible to completely avoid microplastics, you can take steps to minimize your exposure:

Water: Install a reverse osmosis water filtration system at home to remove microplastics and other contaminants.
- Minimize consumption of bottled water, especially those packaged in plastic.
- Choose sparkling water brands with low or undetectable levels of PFAS.
Food: Opt for fresh foods over packaged foods whenever possible.
- Reduce consumption of canned foods and beverages.
- Store food in glass, stainless steel, or ceramic containers instead of plastic.
- Avoid heating food in plastic containers.
- Choose rock or mined salt over sea salt.
- Wash fruits and vegetables with filtered water.
Clothing and Textiles: Opt for clothing made from 100% natural fibers (cotton, bamboo, linen, hemp, wool, silk).
- Install a microfiber filter on your washing machine.
- Use a Guppyfriend laundry bag to catch microfibers during washing.
Air: Use a HEPA filter in your home to trap airborne microplastic particles.
- Vacuum regularly with a HEPA filter vacuum cleaner.
- Minimize use of synthetic carpets, rugs, and furniture.
Other: Decline paper receipts whenever possible or opt for digital versions.
- Wear nitrile gloves when handling thermal paper receipts frequently.

Our bodies have natural detoxification pathways primarily involving the liver and kidneys. While BPA and phthalates are relatively quickly cleared through urine, PFAS (“forever chemicals”) persist in the body for years, accumulating in organs.

Larger microplastics may pass through the gut and be excreted in feces, but smaller nanoplastics can enter the bloodstream and accumulate in tissues. We don’t yet fully understand how or if they’re ever efficiently excreted.

You can support your body’s natural detoxification pathways by:

Diet: Consume sulfurane-rich foods like broccoli sprouts, which activate detoxification pathways.
- Eat a high-fiber diet to bind to harmful chemicals and potentially aid in microplastic excretion.
Lifestyle: Engage in regular physical activity and practices that induce sweating (sauna, hot tubs, hot yoga) to help eliminate harmful toxins.

The following materials are suitable alternatives to plastic food packaging, cooking, and storage materials:

Glass: Select products packaged in glass over plastic or cans when possible since glass doesn’t leach harmful chemicals into food. Glass is a safer option for reducing exposure to microplastics and chemicals like BPA.

Stainless Steel: Stainless steel is a preferred material for cooking, especially when compared to non-stick cookware coated with harmful chemicals. Stainless steel is durable, easy to clean, and resistant to corrosion, making it a potential option for food storage containers and utensils as well.

Ceramic: Similar to stainless steel, ceramic is a safe alternative for cooking and baking. Ceramic containers can also be used safely for food storage.

Uncoated Paper Products: Paper products, particularly those made from sustainable sources, often present a safer and more environmentally friendly option compared to plastic as long as they are uncoated.

Plant-Based Packaging: Many companies are developing innovative food packaging materials from renewable plant sources, such as cornstarch, sugarcane, and seaweed. These bioplastics are often biodegradable or compostable, offering a more sustainable alternative to conventional plastics.

Reusable Packaging: Encouraging the use of reusable containers, like glass jars or metal lunchboxes, could significantly reduce reliance on single-use plastic packaging.

Not necessarily. Manufacturers often replace BPA with chemicals like BPS, which can also disrupt hormonal activity. Some BPA-free plastics even contain phthalates or other harmful plasticizers.

“BPA-free” simply means the product lacks BPA, not that it’s free from all potentially toxic chemicals. Always carefully review product labels and research alternatives.

Dietary and inhalation exposure to nano- and microplastic particles and potential implications for human health

Microplastics by Rhonda Patrick, PhD.

Additional Soureces and References:

Microplastics Article by Rhonda Patrick

Microplastics and other harmful substances released from disposable paper cups into hot water

Estimation of the mass of microplastics ingested

Written by:

My name is Tom and I’m a writer, entrepreneur, and mentor. I write about personal development, productivity, and scaling businesses using digital technologies. My goal is to help business owners prosper in the knowledge economy.

Disclaimers & Disclosure s